Origins of Progressivism - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?
Directions: For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.
Muckrakers
- Upton Sinclair- Wrote the "Jungle" about how disgusting a Chicago meat packing industry was; Famous american novelist also known for his novels "Oil!" and "Boston" - Jacob Riis- One of the first photojournalists; Published novel "How the Other Half Lives" about the harsh living conditions in the city - Lincoln Steffens- American journalist that wrote "The Shame of the Cities" about corrupt politics; Joined forces with other muckrakers to create radical American Magazine - Ida Tarbell- Influential muckraker that studied Standard Oil trusts; Criticized the monopoly of Rockefeller's oil company - Henry Demarest Lloyd- Wrote the Chicago Tribune in efforts of ridding child labor; His efforts eventually led to the Child Labor Act of 1916; Strong supporter of Women's suffarage - Theodore Dreiser-
Political Reforms - Australian Secret Ballot- Voters mark their choices secretly within the privacy of a curtained booth; rather than how the political parties used to manipulate the ballots by intimidating voters - Direct Primary- Robert La Follette introduced in Wisconsin; Voters nominated candidates by majority vote - Initiative- Voters could compel legislature to consider a bill - Referendum- Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on their voting ballots - Recall- Voters could remove a corrupt politician from office by majority vote before there elected term was over - 17th Amendment- This amendment made it so that all U.S. senators would be elected by the popular vote of the people
Prohibition/Temperance - 18th Amendment-Prohibition of intoxicating liquors; was eventually repealed by the 21st amendment - Frances Willard- Had a great impact on the passing of the 18th amendment; Women's suffaragist
Women’s Suffrage - Seneca Falls Convention- Convention where they discussed women's rights; made the declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions - Susan B. Anthony- One of the leader's in women's suffrage; Worked for the abolition of slavery as well - Alice Paul- Women's rights reformer; created the National Women's Party with Lucy Burns - Carrie Chapman Catt- Created the NAWSA; urged for more democracy for women to empower them; Organized the League of Women Voters - NAWSA- Founded by Catt and Susan B Anthony; would allow women to bring their special and distinct virtues to help with societys problems - 19th Amendment- Allowed women the right to vote in all elections in the national and local level
African Americans - Booker T. Washington- African american leader who wanted equal eduacation for blacks; "Blacks need education and economic progress" - W.E.B. DuBois- Wrote the "Souls of Black Folk" which focused on equal rights for blacks; Was a northerner - NAACP- The goal was to abolish all forms of segregation of blacks; live in a society that is "equal" - Atlanta Exposition
Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt - Square Deal- President threatened to send troops to take over mines if they continued to stike; agreed to a 9 hour work day and a 10% wage increase - Northern Securities Company- 400 million$ eneterprise pieced together by J.P. Morgan; Supported republican administration - Elkins Act- The ICC had greater authority to stop railroads from granting rebates to favored customers - Hepburn Act- The commission could fix just and resonable rates for the railroads - Pure Food and Drug Act- Forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of adultered or mislabeled food or drugs - Forest Reserve Act- Set aside 150 million acres of federal land as a national reserve that could not be sold - Newlands Reclamation Act- Provided money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in Western States
Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft - 16th Amendment- Authorized the United States Government to collect an income tax - Mann-Elkins Act- Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies - Payne-Aldrich Act- Raised tariff on most imports into the United States; Angered many progressives
Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson - Election of 1912- Woodrow Wilson won this election; was only the 2nd democratic president since the war - Underwood Tariff- lowered tariffs substantially for the first time in 50 years; increased tax from 1% to 6% - Federal Reserve Act- Americans began to use what is know as "the dollar" and has been used ever since - Clayton Anti-Trust Act- Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies; contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts - Child Labor Act- Prohibated products made by children under 14 years old; Unconstutional in Hammer vs. Dagenhart case
Origins of Progressivism
- How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?
Directions: For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.
Muckrakers
- Upton Sinclair- Wrote the "Jungle" about how disgusting a Chicago meat packing industry was; Famous american novelist also known for his novels "Oil!" and "Boston"
- Jacob Riis- One of the first photojournalists; Published novel "How the Other Half Lives" about the harsh living conditions in the city
- Lincoln Steffens- American journalist that wrote "The Shame of the Cities" about corrupt politics; Joined forces with other muckrakers to create radical American Magazine
- Ida Tarbell- Influential muckraker that studied Standard Oil trusts; Criticized the monopoly of Rockefeller's oil company
- Henry Demarest Lloyd- Wrote the Chicago Tribune in efforts of ridding child labor; His efforts eventually led to the Child Labor Act of 1916; Strong supporter of Women's suffarage
- Theodore Dreiser-
Political Reforms
- Australian Secret Ballot- Voters mark their choices secretly within the privacy of a curtained booth; rather than how the political parties used to manipulate the ballots by intimidating voters
- Direct Primary- Robert La Follette introduced in Wisconsin; Voters nominated candidates by majority vote
- Initiative- Voters could compel legislature to consider a bill
- Referendum- Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on their voting ballots
- Recall- Voters could remove a corrupt politician from office by majority vote before there elected term was over
- 17th Amendment- This amendment made it so that all U.S. senators would be elected by the popular vote of the people
Prohibition/Temperance
- 18th Amendment-Prohibition of intoxicating liquors; was eventually repealed by the 21st amendment
- Frances Willard- Had a great impact on the passing of the 18th amendment; Women's suffaragist
Women’s Suffrage
- Seneca Falls Convention- Convention where they discussed women's rights; made the declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
- Susan B. Anthony- One of the leader's in women's suffrage; Worked for the abolition of slavery as well
- Alice Paul- Women's rights reformer; created the National Women's Party with Lucy Burns
- Carrie Chapman Catt- Created the NAWSA; urged for more democracy for women to empower them; Organized the League of Women Voters
- NAWSA- Founded by Catt and Susan B Anthony; would allow women to bring their special and distinct virtues to help with societys problems
- 19th Amendment- Allowed women the right to vote in all elections in the national and local level
African Americans
- Booker T. Washington- African american leader who wanted equal eduacation for blacks; "Blacks need education and economic progress"
- W.E.B. DuBois- Wrote the "Souls of Black Folk" which focused on equal rights for blacks; Was a northerner
- NAACP- The goal was to abolish all forms of segregation of blacks; live in a society that is "equal"
- Atlanta Exposition
Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt
- Square Deal- President threatened to send troops to take over mines if they continued to stike; agreed to a 9 hour work day and a 10% wage increase
- Northern Securities Company- 400 million$ eneterprise pieced together by J.P. Morgan; Supported republican administration
- Elkins Act- The ICC had greater authority to stop railroads from granting rebates to favored customers
- Hepburn Act- The commission could fix just and resonable rates for the railroads
- Pure Food and Drug Act- Forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of adultered or mislabeled food or drugs
- Forest Reserve Act- Set aside 150 million acres of federal land as a national reserve that could not be sold
- Newlands Reclamation Act- Provided money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in Western States
Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft
- 16th Amendment- Authorized the United States Government to collect an income tax
- Mann-Elkins Act- Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies
- Payne-Aldrich Act- Raised tariff on most imports into the United States; Angered many progressives
Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson
- Election of 1912- Woodrow Wilson won this election; was only the 2nd democratic president since the war
- Underwood Tariff- lowered tariffs substantially for the first time in 50 years; increased tax from 1% to 6%
- Federal Reserve Act- Americans began to use what is know as "the dollar" and has been used ever since
- Clayton Anti-Trust Act- Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies; contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts
- Child Labor Act- Prohibated products made by children under 14 years old; Unconstutional in Hammer vs. Dagenhart case
Other
- Eugene V. Debs-
- Jane Addams